Adenoidal hypertrophy refers to the increased size of the adenoids. These are the two infection-fighting organs at the back of the nose and above the tonsils.

What is going on in the body?

The adenoids, along with the tonsils, help prevent agents such as bacteria and viruses from entering the body. The adenoids are made up of a group of blood cells that create antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that neutralize foreign substances in the body. When infection or inflammation occurs, the adenoids can enlarge. Since they are seated at the back of the nasal cavity, the swollen adenoids can block airflow through the nose.

What are the causes and risks of the condition?

The exact cause of enlarged adenoids is not always clear. Most studies point to chronic infection of the upper respiratory tract. Allergies may also cause the adenoids to enlarge. Adenoid enlargement is more common in children than adults.