What are the treatments for the condition?

In severe cases, blood transfusions may be needed. High levels of oxygen can also be given to help the person breathe.

More specific treatments depend on the cause. For example, pills or injections may replace low levels of vitamins or minerals. If anemia is caused by blood loss, the blood loss needs to be stopped. Sometimes surgery is needed to stop bleeding, such as bleeding from the bowels or heavy menstrual bleeding. Antibiotics may be needed if a long-term infection is the cause. If alcohol or medications caused the anemia, stopping the drug may be all that is needed. In some cases of anemia, surgery to remove the spleen is advised. This is known as a splenectomy. Other treatments are also possible.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects depend on the treatments used. Blood transfusions may cause allergic reactions or infections. Surgery may cause heavy bleeding, infection, and allergic reactions to anesthesia. All medications have possible side effects. For example, antibiotics can cause stomach upset, allergic reactions, or other effects.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

A person's progress after treatment depends on the cause of the anemia and the response to treatment. For example, cases due to blood loss or certain infections may be "cured" by treatment. In some people with inherited types of anemia, the anemia never goes away. These people often need further monitoring and treatment. A person with cancer may die if treatment is not successful.

How is the condition monitored?

If symptoms continue or get worse, the healthcare provider should be notified. It is important to watch for bleeding, weakness, and other unusual symptoms. The hemoglobin level in the blood may be monitored with blood tests.