What are the treatments for the disease?

Treatment of atherosclerosis focuses on lowering a person's coronary risk factors. Lowering blood cholesterol, controlling high blood pressure, and stopping smoking can stabilize plaque. However, these steps may not reverse the process.

A low dose of aspirin taken on a regular basis seems to reduce the development of atherosclerosis and plaque.

Atherosclerosis that progresses far enough to cause symptoms may require surgery. Surgery can remove or bypass plaque in the arteries that supply the brain, heart, kidneys, or legs. Angioplasty is a procedure in which a small balloon is inserted into an area of plaque. Then the balloon is inflated. When the balloon is deflated and removed, the opening within the artery is larger. This improves the blood supply.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Medicines used to treat medical conditions may cause allergic reactions. Surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to anesthesia.

What happens after treatment for the disease?

Most people who have atherosclerosis are encouraged to begin a regular exercise program. A person who has atherosclerosis should make every effort to reduce coronary risk factors. This may include smoking cessation, control of chronic diseases and conditions, and a diet for preventing heart disease. Medicines may need to be adjusted to achieve the best response.

How is the disease monitored?

A person will have regular visits to the healthcare provider, along with tests to monitor the progress of the atherosclerosis. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.