What can be done to prevent the infection?

Immunization with Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine (Hib) is very effective in preventing this disease. It is one of the recommended immunizations given to children. Due to this vaccine, this once-common cause of meningitis is now almost nonexistent.

Vaccines do exist for other meningitis-causing organisms such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These vaccines are recommended in special cases, such as for college students living in dormitories.

For an individual exposed to someone with bacterial meningitis, antibiotics may be given to prevent an active infection.

What are the long-term effects of the infection?

Bacterial meningitis can sometimes be fatal. Other long-term effects include hearing impairments; hydrocephalus, or fluid on the brain; brain damage; and loss of limbs.

What are the risks to others?

Bacterial meningitis is contagious. It can be transmitted to others through saliva or nasal secretions. The infection can be spread by kissing, as well as by sharing drinks, lip balm, lipstick, or cigarettes.