What are the treatments for the condition?

A person with bleeding esophageal varices can lose a lot of blood. Blood transfusions may be required. Other fluids may need to be replaced through an intravenous line.

Endoscopy is done to make sure that varices are the cause of the bleeding. When they are seen, varices can often be treated right away through the endoscope. Tiny instruments can be passed through the tube and used to stop the bleeding.

Sometimes medications are given to cause the varices to shrink. In severe cases, surgery or other procedures may be required to stop the bleeding or to relieve pressure on the swollen varices. Liver transplantation is generally the only way to cure esophageal varices.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Endoscopy and surgery can cause more bleeding, infection, and sometimes even death. Medications used for variceal bleeding may cause salt imbalances, allergic reactions, low blood pressure, or other side effects. Blood transfusions may cause allergic reactions or infections.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

If the bleeding stops for more than 1 or 2 days and the person recovers, he or she can usually go home from the hospital.

How is the condition monitored?

A person with esophageal varices usually requires lifelong monitoring for the varices and liver problems. Complete blood counts (CBCs), blood pressure, and the heart rate are followed to make sure the bleeding has stopped. Liver function tests and physical examination may be used to monitor the condition of the liver. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.