What are the treatments for the condition?

Treatment is directed at the cause. A person who has a kidney stone is often given lots of fluid and pain medicines, and the stone usually passes on its own. If it doesn't, surgery or another procedure such as endoscopy may be needed to remove the stone. A person with an infection may be given antibiotics, while someone with a tumor or prostate enlargement may need surgery.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects depend on the treatments used. Antibiotics can cause an allergic reaction or stomach upset. Pain medicines may cause drowsiness or allergic reactions. Any surgery carries a risk of bleeding or infection.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Treatment usually cures a person who has an infection or a kidney stone, and the person can resume normal activities. Someone with cancer may die if treatment is not successful. People with sickle cell disease often need fairly close monitoring and treatment for flare-ups of the disease throughout life.

How is the condition monitored?

Urine can be tested with a urinalysis and urine culture until blood is no longer seen. Other monitoring is related to the cause. For example, a person who takes warfarin often needs frequent prothrombin time, or PT, blood tests. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.