What are the treatments for the infection?

After an acute infection has gone away, it's very hard for antibiotics to get into the prostate. So antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or one of the fluoroquinolones, are often taken for 2 to 3 months. This long-term treatment is the only way to get rid of the persistent bacteria.

If antibiotics don't completely eliminate the infection, they may be given for an even longer time at low doses. The goal is to prevent the infection of the urine by the chronically infected prostatic fluid.

A hot sitz bath, or bath with warm water, may also help to reduce symptoms. Bedrest may also be necessary when discomfort and swelling is severe.

For very stubborn infections, surgery known as a simple prostatectomy is sometimes done. An instrument is threaded through the urethra and most of the prostate is removed. This removes the infected tissue and decreases the number of bacteria so that antibiotics can work.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Many antibiotics have side effects like stomach upset and allergic reactions. Prostate surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, retrograde ejaculation, and allergic reaction to anesthesia.

What happens after treatment for the infection?

A male with retrograde ejaculation passes semen into the bladder instead of out the end of the penis. This can result in infertility.

How is the infection monitored?

Since symptoms can continue for many months, a person may need to be reevaluated as treatment is in progress.