A cytology exam of urine is an examination of the cells that appear in the urine. This test can detect and help diagnose some urinary tract diseases. The urinary tract contains the kidneys, bladder, and the tubes that connect these organs to the outside of the body.

Who is a candidate for the test?

This test is often used to help diagnose diseases of the urinary tract that cause inflammation, as well as cancer. It may be done in people with a family history of bladder cancer.

How is the test performed?

First, a urine sample is obtained by the "clean-catch" method. This helps to avoid cells and bacteria in the urine that interfere with the test. In the clean-catch method, people first wipe themselves with an antiseptic cloth. Then, people urinate into the toilet for a few seconds. After urinating for a few seconds, people are asked to catch a sample of "mid-stream" urine in a special cup. People can then finish urinating in the toilet. The cup is covered and sent to the lab. The urine can then be examined with a microscope.