What are the treatments for the condition?

Those with exposure to toxic substances, such as cocaine or alcohol, need to stop the exposure right away. Those with treatable causes, such as hypothyroidism, need treatment of the cause. In these cases, treatment may help the heart get back much of its normal function.

In cases without a treatable cause, heart medications are used to help the heart pump better. Other heart medications help prevent irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias. Taking water pills, called diuretics, and reducing salt in the diet can help prevent fluid buildup in the body. Affected people need plenty of rest and stress reduction. Exercise is encouraged if the person is able. Severely affected people may need a heart transplant.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

All medications have possible side effects. For instance, diuretics can cause dehydration and salt imbalances. Specific side effects depend on the medications used. A heart transplant is a high risk surgery that may result in bleeding, infection, or death.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

People with this condition, even after the best treatment, often get worse. In fact, many die. Newer heart medications may slow the progression of the condition. After a heart transplant, people need close monitoring and must take powerful medications to prevent rejection of the new heart. People who receive a transplant can expect to live longer than those who don't.

How is the condition monitored?

The medications used to help the heart pump better need to be monitored and often adjusted. After a heart transplant, a person is watched closely to see if his or her body will reject the new heart.