Magnesium Supplements (Systemic)
Category- Antihypomagnesemic—Magnesium Chloride; Magnesium Citrate; Magnesium
Gluceptate; Magnesium Gluconate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Magnesium Lactate; Magnesium Oxide; Magnesium Pidolate; Magnesium Sulfate
- Electrolyte replenisher—Magnesium Chloride; Magnesium Sulfate
- Nutritional supplement,
mineral—Magnesium Chloride; Magnesium Citrate; Magnesium
Gluceptate; Magnesium Gluconate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Magnesium Lactate; Magnesium Oxide; Magnesium Pidolate; Magnesium Sulfate
DescriptionMagnesium is used as a dietary supplement for individuals who
are deficient in magnesium. Although a balanced diet usually supplies all
the magnesium a person needs, magnesium supplements may be needed by patients
who have lost magnesium because of illness or treatment with certain medicines.
Lack of magnesium may lead to irritability, muscle weakness, and irregular
heartbeat.
Injectable magnesium is given only by or under the supervision of a health
care professional. Some oral magnesium preparations are available only with
a prescription. Others are available without a prescription.
Magnesium supplements are available in the following dosage forms:
Oral
-
Magnesium Chloride
-
Tablets (U.S.)
-
Enteric-coated tablets (U.S.)
-
Extended-release tablets (U.S.)
-
Magnesium Citrate
-
Oral solution (U.S. and Canada)
-
Magnesium Gluceptate
-
Magnesium Gluconate
-
Oral solution (U.S.)
-
Tablets (U.S. and Canada)
-
Magnesium Hydroxide
-
Tablets (U.S.)
-
Chewable tablets (U.S. and Canada)
-
Oral solution (U.S. and Canada)
-
Magnesium Lactate
-
Extended-release tablets (U.S.)
-
Magnesium Oxide
-
Capsules (U.S.)
-
Tablets (U.S. and Canada)
-
Magnesium Pidolate
-
Powder for oral solution (Canada)
-
Magnesium Sulfate
Parenteral
-
Magnesium Chloride
-
Magnesium Sulfate
-
Injection (U.S. and Canada)
Importance of DietThe best dietary sources of magnesium include green leafy vegetables, nuts,
peas, beans, and cereal grains in which the germ or outer layers have not
been removed. Hard water has been found to contain more magnesium than soft
water. A diet high in fat may cause less magnesium to be absorbed. Cooking
may decrease the magnesium content of food.
The daily amount of magnesium needed is defined in several different ways.
For U.S.—
-
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are the amount of vitamins
and minerals needed to provide for adequate nutrition in most healthy persons.
RDAs for a given nutrient may vary depending on a person's age, sex, and physical
condition (e.g., pregnancy).
-
Daily Values (DVs) are used on food and dietary supplement labels
to indicate the percent of the recommended daily amount of each nutrient that
a serving provides. DV replaces the previous designation of United States
Recommended Daily Allowances (USRDAs).
For Canada—
-
Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are used to determine the amounts
of vitamins, minerals, and protein needed to provide adequate nutrition and
lessen the risk of chronic disease.
Normal daily recommended intakes in milligrams (mg) for magnesium are generally
defined as follows:
|
Persons
|
U.S.
(mg)
|
Canada
(mg)
|
|
Infants and children
Birth to 3 years of age
|
40-80
|
20-50
|
|
4 to 6 years of age
|
120
|
65
|
|
7 to 10 years of age
|
170
|
100-135
|
|
Adolescent and adult males
|
270-400
|
130-250
|
|
Adolescent and adult females
|
280-300
|
135-210
|
|
Pregnant females
|
320
|
195-245
|
|
Breast-feeding females
|
340-355
|
245-265
|
Brand NamesSome commonly used brand names are:
In the U.S.—
- Almora 4
- Chloromag 1
- Citroma 2
- Concentrated Phillips" Milk of Magnesia 5
- Mag-200 7
- Mag-L-100 1
- Magonate 4
- Mag-Ox 400 7
- Mag-Tab SR 6
- Magtrate 4
- Maox 7
- MGP 4
- Phillips" Chewable Tablets 5
- Phillips" Milk of Magnesia 5
- Slow-Mag 1
- Uro-Mag 7
In Canada—
- Citro-Mag 2
- Mag 2 8
- Maglucate 4
- Magnesium-Rougier 3
- Phillips" Magnesia Tablets 5
- Phillips" Milk of Magnesia 5
|
Note:
|
For quick reference, the following magnesium supplements
are numbered to match the corresponding brand names.
|
| This information applies to the following: |
| 1. |
Magnesium Chloride (mag-NEE-zhumKLOR-ide)†‡ |
| 2. |
MagnesiumCitrate # (mag-NEE-zhum SIH-trayt)‡ |
| 3. |
MagnesiumGluceptate (mag-NEE-zhum gloo-SEP-tate)* |
| 4. |
Magnesium Gluconate (mag-NEE-zhum GLOO-ko-nate)‡ |
| 5. |
Magnesium Hydroxide # †† (mag-NEE-zhumhye-DROX-ide)‡ |
| 6. |
Magnesium Lactate (mag-NEE-zhum LAK-tate)† |
| 7. |
Magnesium Oxide # (mag-NEE-zhum OX-ide)ठ|
| 8. |
Magnesium Pidolate (mag-NEE-zhum PID-o-late)* |
| 9. |
Magnesium Sulfate # ** (mag-NEE-zhum SUL-fate)ठ|
| * Not commercially available in the U.S. |
| † Not commercially available in Canada |
| ‡ Generic name product may be available
in the U.S. |
| § Generic name product may be available
in Canada |
# See Laxatives (Oral)
for laxative use of magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium
oxide, and magnesium sulfate.
** See Magnesium Sulfate (Systemic)
for use in
seizures and uterine tetany.
†† See Antacids (Oral)
for antacid use of
magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide.
|
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