What are the treatments for the condition?

Medications used to treat epilepsy are known as anticonvulsants. Common anticonvulsants include the following:

If a person's seizures are not controlled with medicine, a vagal nerve stimulator may be used. A small pacemaker-like box is inserted under the skin of the chest. It sends regular electrical discharges to the vagus nerve. This discharge can disrupt the abnormal electrical charges. A vagal nerve stimulator does not involve any surgery on the brain.

People with severe, uncontrollable seizures may be candidates for brain surgery. The surgeon opens the skull with a craniotomy. He or she then removes the abnormal brain tissue.

Underlying problems, such as a brain tumor, may require further treatment.

A person with epilepsy may be embarrassed or depressed. Counseling about the condition may help the individual and the family. Support groups exist for those with epilepsy.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Medications used to treat epilepsy may cause drowsiness, dental problems, and allergic reactions. Insertion of a vagal nerve stimulator involves a small risk for bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction to anesthesia. A craniotomy carries a larger risk of bleeding, infection, brain damage, or allergic reaction to anesthesia.

Many anticonvulsants decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Many substances interfere with the action of anticonvulsants. These include over-the-counter medicines, prescription medications, and herbal remedies. Individuals with epilepsy should consult their healthcare provider before taking any new products.

Treatment of epilepsy is lifelong. If seizures are well-controlled, the individual may live a normal lifestyle. Some people may have significant disabilities from their epilepsy.

Individuals with epilepsy may be able to drive if they are seizure-free. Laws governing driving vary from place to place. People with seizures can participate in most activities of regular life. They may be advised to avoid hazardous activities. Federal law prohibits discrimination in employment. There are also laws precluding people with epilepsy from certain jobs, such as commercial trucking.

A person with epilepsy should use an identification bracelet or card informing others of the condition.

How is the condition monitored?

Blood is tested regularly to monitor the levels of anticonvulsants. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.