What are the treatments for the injury?

The first step in treating a heat emergency is to have the person lie down in a cool place. The individual's feet should be elevated above the level of the heart. Next, cool wet clothing or water should be applied directly to the person's skin. Placing cold compresses on the person's head, groin, and armpits can speed cooling. These areas lose heat quickly. A fan can also be used to help lower body temperature. Rubbing alcohol can cause serious health problems so it should not be used.

Ideally, the individual's temperature should be measured rectally every 10 minutes. Fluid intake is very important. The person should drink small sips of salted water (1 teaspoon salt per quart of water) or a salted drink such as Gatorade.

If the affected person suffers a muscle cramp, the cramp can be relieved by squeezing the muscle firmly but gently until it relaxes. Massage can also help improve blood flow.

A person with severe heat stroke needs urgent medical attention. In a hospital setting, people with heat stroke are given intravenous fluids. Individuals may also require medication to stop seizures or raise dangerously low blood pressures. In severe cases, an the individual may need to be put on an artificial breathing machine, or ventilator, temporarily. Continued bed rest, IV fluids and observation may be required for several days.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects of medication such as allergic reactions or stomach upset can occur. Specific side effects depend on the type of drugs used. Ventilators can rarely cause lung damage or infection.

What happens after treatment for the injury?

After being treated for a heat emergency, a person may feel very tired for a few days. Most people recover without long-term problems. Severe cases can sometimes result in permanent problems such as brain damage.