What are the treatments for the condition?

Despite ongoing research, there is no cure for the dry form of macular degeneration. Findings from recent studies suggest that antioxidant vitamins and minerals may slow the progress of the condition. The National Eye Institute is currently conducting a large study to determine the effectiveness of such treatments.

At present, dry macular degeneration is managed by helping the person cope with the condition. Optical devices can sometimes be used to take advantage of a person's side vision. Low-vision aids such as these can also help affected individuals:

The wet type of macular degeneration can sometimes be treated with laser surgery. This is an option for only about 25% of people with the condition. It is a brief and painless procedure done in a short-stay surgery setting. A laser beam is used to seal the leaking blood vessels that are damaging the macula. This leaves a small permanent scar or blind spot at the point of laser contact. However, more sight is preserved overall.

The FDA recently approved a procedure called photodynamic therapy. A light-activated medicine called verteporfin is given through an intravenous line. A laser is then used to close the abnormal blood vessels.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Medicines used to treat macular degeneration may cause stomach upset and allergic reaction. Surgery may cause scarring of the retina and blind spots where the laser procedure was performed. It may also cause bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction to anesthesia.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Laser surgery may need to be repeated every 1 to 2 years if the blood vessels open back up. A person may need to adjust his or her routine in response to decreased vision.

Macular degeneration does not result in total blindness. Most people continue to have some useful vision. They are able to take care of themselves until the condition is very advanced. Also, vision is sometimes reduced in only one eye. The other eye may be able to see well for many years. When both eyes are affected, the individual will notice the problem more quickly.

How is the condition monitored?

People with macular degeneration can check their vision daily by using an Amsler grid. The healthcare provider should be notified immediately of any changes in vision. Any other new or worsening symptoms should also be reported to the healthcare provider.