What are the treatments for the injury?

Treatment for MCL injuries depends on a number of factors including:

The first step in treatment is the RICE method. This stands for rest, ice, compression with an elastic bandage, and elevation of the leg. Medicines such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain. More painful injuries or those where the knee is unstable may require a splint or brace to immobilize the knee as well as crutches.

After an initial period of RICE, physical therapy is started. This is aimed at restoring the range of motion in the knee joint and increasing strength in the thigh muscle. The majority of MCL injuries will heal successfully without surgery. Cases in which the ligament has been completely torn and the knee is unstable may require surgery. Sometimes a special brace that allows knee movement while avoiding tension on the ligament is useful while the injury is healing.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Medicines can cause allergic reactions and stomach upset. Long-term use of NSAIDs may harm the stomach, kidneys, or liver. The knee can become stiff if it is immobilized for too long. Surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to the anesthesia.

What happens after treatment for the injury?

If the ligament remains loose, the knee will feel unstable. There will be a tendency for the joint to give way, possibly leading to reinjury. If healing and physical therapy go well, the person can often return to normal activities.

The healthcare provider will periodically check the flexibility and strength of the knee and assess the stability of the joint. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the provider.