What are the treatments for the condition?

Menopause itself is not treated. Certain health problems, such as osteoporosis are linked to the loss of estrogen. To help prevent such problems, many women take estrogen to replace what their body is no longer able to produce. This treatment is called estrogen replacement therapy, which is also called ERT, or hormone replacement therapy, which is also called HRT.

The American Heart Association recently issued recommendations about HRT in women. For women who have already had a heart attack or have heart disease, it appears that HRT does not protect against having another heart attack or dying from heart disease.

For women who have not already had a heart attack or who do not have heart disease, HRT should not be started for the sole purpose of preventing heart disease. In fact, a recent study has shown that there is a slight increase in the risk for heart attack and stroke in women who are on HRT.

Overall, the decision to use HRT should be based upon the proven benefits and risks of HRT. A woman should discuss the benefits and risks with her doctor. Together, they can choose the best course of action.

Symptoms associated with menopause may also be treated. During menopause, sexual intercourse may become painful, a condition known as dyspareunia. This condition is often caused by vaginal drying, and can result in a decline in sexual interest. Creams are available to help with lubrication. Kegel exercises of the pelvic muscle can treat urinary leakage. Surgery or medicine may also be used.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects to HRT can include headaches, bloating, vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, and irritability. Recent studies have also linked HRT to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and cancers of the breast, ovary, and uterus.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Most menopausal symptoms will go away once menstruation stops.

How is the condition monitored?

A woman's progress through menopause is monitored through regular Pap smears and pelvic exams. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the doctor.