What are the treatments for the disease?

Treatment has two main goals. The first is to stop or slow the immune system's attack on the myelin coating of the nerves. The second is to relieve the symptoms and help the person function as normally as possible.

The immune system is treated with medicines. Some of the most commonly used medicines for ongoing treatment of MS are:

Other treatments include:

A rehabilitation program is important to maintain as much function as possible and prevent complications of disability. Rehabilitation may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the medicine used. They may include drowsiness, stomach upset, and allergic reaction to the medicine. Corticosteroids may cause a variety of side effects, particularly when used long term. Water retention, swelling, and increased blood glucose levels can occur.

The only side effects from rehabilitation therapy are some temporary fatigue and muscle soreness. This is a normal part of a therapy program. It does not mean that the MS is getting worse.

What happens after treatment for the disease?

Monitoring and treatment of multiple sclerosis is lifelong. The progression of MS can be slowed quite a bit with the medicines. Treatment of symptoms, including medicines and therapy, can help reduce disability.

How is the disease monitored?

Blood tests, including a complete blood count, or CBC, and liver function tests, are used to monitor people who are taking certain medicines. An individual with MS will have regular visits to a primary healthcare provider, as well as various specialists. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the appropriate healthcare provider.