What are the treatments for the condition?

Treatment is directed at the cause. A child with a bacterial infection will be given antibiotics. Cases due to anatomic defects, such as deviated nasal septum, can often be corrected with surgery. Foreign bodies can often be removed during endoscopy. Gastroesophageal reflux disease can be treated with medications to reduce stomach acid.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Side effects are related to the treatments used. Antibiotics may cause allergic reactions or stomach upset. Any surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction to the anesthesia. Endoscopy may cause throat or windpipe irritation or, rarely, damage.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

A child with asthma may have occasional "flares" and need treatment for many years. A child with an infection usually gets better and needs no further treatment. Someone with cancer may die if treatment is not successful.

How is the condition monitored?

Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider. Other monitoring is related to the cause. For example, a child with cancer may need repeated blood tests or x-rays to monitor the effects of treatment.