The best way to understand the mechanism of plaque and tartar retention on teeth is to think of plaque as sticky cement--a little like old-fashioned library paste. But also think of this paste as loaded with bacteria. This soft material gets everywhere in the mouth. It forms readily on the surfaces of the teeth, between the teeth, in the crevices between the gum tissue and the tooth surface, in the grooves and fissures on the biting surfaces of the teeth, and even on the top surface of the tongue.

The longer plaque is allowed to set, the more difficult it is to remove. In the early stages it can be brushed and flossed off the teeth. Once it has set, it is called tartar or calculus. Tartar must be scraped off the teeth by a dentist or dental hygienist.

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The bacteria in plaque and tartar cause major problems. The bacterial mass is held tightly to the tooth surface and quickly turns certain foods, such as sugars and starches, into decay-producing acid. The acid dissolves the tooth structure and causes cavities, which are also called dental caries.

This bacterial mass also produces irritating substances, which cause gum and bone disease, known as gingivitis and periodontitis. Gum disease is the most significant reason for tooth loss in adults.

Following these recommendations will help prevent cavities and gum diseases: