What are the treatments for the condition?

Treatment of RDS depends on the severity of the condition. In some cases, the baby will recover quickly after being given surfactant at birth. In other cases, a ventilator that opens up the alveoli mechanically is needed to help the baby recover from RDS. Oxygen therapy can help the baby maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the blood stream. This is essential for the proper functioning of the infant's internal organs.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Aside from the long-term effects listed above, the side effects of respiratory distress syndrome are similar to the side effects seen in other premature babies. Babies with RDS may require antibiotics for treatment of serious bacterial infections. Certain types of antibiotics can cause hearing loss. Allergic reactions to antibiotics are rare in babies.

Many babies with RDS need tubes in their blood vessels so that fluids, antibiotics and nutrients can be given to them while they are ill. Infrequently, these tubes or catheters can cause the blood to clot in the vessels that they are inserted into. Depending on where the catheter is inserted, this can cause different types of problems. If these catheters puncture through the vessel that they were inserted into, they may cause trouble with bleeding, or the fluids that are flowing through the catheter may hurt the skin or tissues that the catheter is now in contact with.

If a baby with RDS requires blood transfusions, they are at risk for certain types of infections that can be transmitted through blood such as hepatitis C.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Many babies will go home after treatment without many problems. Some babies will need to have oxygen therapy at home. They also may need to have certain medications that help control the amount of fluid that is in their bodies. Sometimes infants will need a ventilator to help them breathe at home, as well.

How is the condition monitored?

If a baby develops bronchopulmonary dysplasia because of the RDS, he or she will be followed closely by a lung specialist as well as by the pediatrician. Monitoring of the other complications of RDS will depend on how severe they are. Premature babies may need a team of health care workers to monitor several aspects of development.