What are the treatments for the disease?

Mild forms of a thoracic aortic aneurysm, especially in those who cannot tolerate major surgery for health reasons, are treated with heart and blood pressure medications. These individuals are watched closely and sent for surgery only if needed.

Surgery is the treatment of choice if the aneurysm is bigger than 5 to 6 centimeters, or roughly 2 inches wide. Surgery involves replacing the abnormal part of the aorta with an artificial graft. In some cases, one of the heart valves may also need to be repaired or replaced. The decision to perform surgery partly depends on the underlying cause of the condition. The risks and benefits of surgery should be discussed with the surgeon. Treatment is tailored to the needs of each person.

If the aneurysm ruptures, most people die within a few minutes. Those who survive are generally taken quickly to surgery to prevent death.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

All medications have possible side effects including allergic reactions. Specific side effects depend on the medications used.

Surgery is associated with a risk of bleeding, infections, and death. Paralysis, life-threatening blood clots, and allergic reactions to anesthesia are also possible.

What happens after treatment for the disease?

A person with a thoracic aortic aneurysm that is being treated only with medications needs regular office visits to follow the condition. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately.

If surgery is done, a period of recovery is required. The surgery is a major operation associated with many risks, but it is done to prevent death. After recovery, the person will be closely observed for leakage from the artificial graft.

How is the disease monitored?

After surgery, a person will need to see the healthcare provider for regular visits. Someone who is treated only with medications will often have repeated special x-ray tests to watch for an increase in aneurysm size.