What are the treatments for the condition?

Once toxic megacolon is diagnosed, the person is asked not to eat or drink anything. Fluids and salt are given intravenously (IV), which means through a vein. If the person's blood count is low, blood transfusions may be given. Gastric suctioning, a procedure in which a thin tube is used to remove stomach contents, can help reduce abdominal bloating. Antibiotics are usually given to kill bacteria. IV steroids, which are medications that reduce inflammation, may also be given.

In some cases, food is given intravenously. Someone with a suspected or known tear of the colon will need surgery to remove part or all of the colon.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Antibiotics can cause stomach upset and allergic reactions. Other side effects vary depending on the medication that is used. Surgery carries the risk of bleeding, infection, and allergic reactions to anesthesia.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

If the person recovers completely from toxic megacolon, no further treatment may be needed. Some people have no long-standing problems from this condition, especially if surgery is not needed. However, a person with inflammatory bowel disease will need lifelong treatment.

Those who had surgery for this condition need follow-up visits with the surgeon to ensure proper healing. Sometimes a second operation is needed in the future.

How is the condition monitored?

After recovery from toxic megacolon, the person will need no further monitoring if the cause was an infection. A person with inflammatory bowel disease will need lifelong monitoring. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.